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PostPosted: Sat Sep 13, 2014 5:31 am    Post subject: Helping writers: English Communication Reply with quote

What is special about you, the learner?

• You are learning how to communicate as a distance learner
* you are learning to improve your reading and writing skills in English.
• English is quite possibly an additional language for you and not your main language.
• You know that you vocabulary needs to be increased to cope with the demands of distance learning.
• You are an adult learner so you like to refer to the rules of the language to help you when you have difficulty understanding the way the study material is written or when you have to write something/


A Plan of action or make or become better. Discovered ways in which you can practise reading, become familiar with the different purposes of writing; and taken practical steps towards becoming a better writer.

Mind map work:

Strategies for improving reading and writing stands out of:

Reading: Read widely or become a critical reader
Also writing and keeping a diary.

To improve writing you should read as much books as you can. Posters, leaflets things you just find lying on the floor, billboards even if it sounds strange. Read anything interesting, easy-to-read material, like popular magazines and newspapers. Like me I got free crap from a travel agency, 37 travel books. Just have fun and don’t turn your love of writing into a working job which frustrates you. Keep in mind why you love writing and your motto and words to drive you when writing and reading.

if you are a confidant reader already, or when you have become a confident reader, start to become a critical reader. Whenever you read , remember that there is always a purpose to writing.

A writer should inform about something like newspapers which contains a story to try and persuade, teach and sometimes entertain you, with argues against important subjects.

A paper can have more than one purpose, to instruct as well as informative teaching like environmentally friendly things, which I have read 9 months of stories which teach to children and to keep their mind occupied with games.

A writer can be judged whether or not he or she has been successful or not. Keep a Diary, a pocket diary is suggested to keep and organize, by simple notes and each day’s entry. Its important to write something everyday, even the most simple things can give a writer an idea.

To make your diary interesting please look around at het world, instead of just the internet, which can have an influence with the incorrect data, since the world changes daily, and daily brings luck to those who most need it, like JK Rowling, she got her idea whilst riding on a train. Even when you least expect it.


One day your grand children will read the diary, and they will learn from your mistakes or your greatest leaps and even if you didn’t do what you wanted , ask yourself: Why you did not do it? And what you think if it would have changed your outcome.

Sounds and a combination or they brings a meaningful element to your speech pattern in the book. Depending on the accent you’re trying to give or the mysterious ways of the character’s personality.

Have a vocabulary notebook divided into two parts, one for technical terms related to the subject matter and one for more general vocabulary. Sub-divide all information, thus you are starting to learn meaningful “new” words. Write down any word you can find. And if you want translate words into your home language to know fully what it means, internet translator doesn’t always work—there is a thing called a dictionary.

Use a glossary of different words at the end of your book and keep it memorised once you understand most of the jargon or largest words which you’ve tried the meaning of it.

Underline the words that are new to you, Not in a library book.
Mind the meanings or ask someone which it means, but often your teacher might say “Do I look like a walking dictionary, thus the dictionary is best.
Make a list of words and don’t lose them.
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PostPosted: Sun Sep 14, 2014 1:17 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Seven ways to become a better speller:
Visualise and link the shape by closing your mind, say the word when eyes are closed. Sometimes it helps to trace the word on your hand with your fingers, a lot like Helen – whom was deaf and mute, in which way she was taught that way.

Pronounce the word carefully

Look at the word and say it out loud
Accept: to receive: He would not accept the gift
Except: to leave out: Everyone except he will be there

Advice:Wise words: Please accept my advice
Advise: the act of giving advice: He advised me to go home

Affect: to produce change: The bride had three attendants
Effect: result; change: The attendance has been bad this term

Attendants: People attending: The bride had three attendants
Attendance: people present in class or meeting: The attendance has been bad this term

Conscience: sense of right and wrong: The thief’s conscience began to bother him
Conscious: awake; able to think and feel: The injured boy still conscious

Dairy: Milk business: He drove the cows from the field to the dairy
Diary: Daily record: He writes in his diary every evening

Loose: not fastened tightly enough: The belt is loose
Lose: not to win: The soccer team will lose the game.

Precede: to come or go before: Will you precede me into the next room
Proceed: to advance: He proceeded to the next town

Prices: money charged: The prices of goods were high
Prizes: rewards for winning: He won two school prizes

Suit: clothing: he wore a blue suit
Suite: (sweet) set of rooms or furniture: They hired a suite of rooms

Were: Past tense or are: They were at home
Where: indicating place: Where are they?

Use a dictionary

Follow spelling rules
Following rules are helpful:
Write “ie” except after “c”, or when sounding like “a” as in “neighbour” and “weigh”
Ex: believe, relief, field, deceived, ceiling. Receive. Ceiling, weight, eight, reing.

Exceptions to the “ie” rules:
Seizem neither, either, height, weird, foreign. When in doubt check your dictionary.
Only one word in English ends in “-sede” , and that is supersede. Only three words end in : “-ceed”, Exceed, proceed and succeed. All other words of a similar sound end in “-cede”

Adding a prefix to a word, the spelling of the word remains the same: (like) Ill+legal= Illegal, Miss+spell: misspell (in which the added prefix stays without losing a word which has been added.)

When the suffix ends “-ness” and “ly” are added to a aword , the spelling word itself is not changed. : casual+ly= casually, ex: prettily

When the words ending in “y” are preceded by a consonant, change the “y” to “I” before any suffix not beginning with “I”

Words ending in “y” and preceded by vowel generally do not change their spelling when you add a suffix.
ex: pay+ment: Payment
boy+hood= boyhood

Drop the final “e” before a suffix beginning with a vowel(“A”, “e”, “I”, “o”, “u”)
Ex: line+ing: lining
remove+al= removal

With words of one syllable ending in a single consonant precede by a single vowel, double the consonant before adding “-ing” , “-ed”, or “-er”

Ex: sitting, dropped and swimmer

With words of more than one syllable ending in a single consonant precede by a single vowel, double the consonant before adding “ing” “ed” or “ER”, if the word is accented on the last syllable. An accented syllable is the syllable you stress or emphasise when you say the word (occur, begin). Ex. Occurred, beginner

The suffix- ful has one –I where the word “full” has two “I’s
ex. Helpful, tearful

The form the plural of most nouns, add ‘s’
ex. Desks, crowds and Americans

To form the plural of a noun that ends in the sound “s”, “sh”, “x” ,”z” pr “ch” add “es”
Ex.: toys, turkeys, birthdays, armies, varieties and companies

TO form the plural of nounds ending in “o” preceded by a vowel, add “s”. but if the “O” is preseded by a consonant, add “Es”
ex. Cameos, patios, embryos, echoes, potatoes and heroes

There are exceptions to this rule, altos, banjos, pianos, solos, sopranos, casinos, halos, silos, Eskimos and a lot of others, again when in doubt use your dictionary or look it up.

To form the plural of the most nouns that end in “F” or “fe”, simply add “s”. but with words that have a hard “v” sounds in the plural form, change the “f” or “fe” to “v” and add “es”
ex. Chiefs, loaves, staffs, claves, lives

[b]Watch out for homophones


Mark the ones that cause you trouble and enter them into your spelling list:
Bear(large animal) vs. Bare (no clothes or covering)
Blew (caused air to move) vs. blue (colour)
Brake: (mechanism to stop car or bicycle) vs break (into pieces)
cell(small space) vs. sell (exchange something for money)
Coarse(thick) vs. course (a path or direction inn education)
hear(listen to a sound) vs. here (in this place)
heel(n. part of foot) vs, whole (adj. entire)
It’s (past tense of the verb “to lead”) vs. its (possessive pronoun for something belonging to it)
Led(past tense of the verb “to lead”) vs. lead (present tense of the verb “to lead”. Or a chemical element)
One (single) vs won (past tense of win)
pain (hurt) vs pane (of glass)
Passed (went by, dissipated or cessation) vs. past (in former time)
Peace (not war) vs. piece (a part of)
Plain (simple or single) vs. plane (a flat surface or three-dimensional object)
Principal (primary or hear) vs principle (a rule or law)
right (n. direction opposite of left, a privilege; v or adj. correct ) vs. write(to compose or record)
root (embedded part or cause) vs route (path)
Sail (v. to navigate part or cause) vs. sale (n. selling of goods)
Stationary (immovable) vs. Stationery (writing materials)
Their (possessive pronoun meaning “belonging to them”) vs. there ( a place not here ) vs. they’re(contraction for they+are)
To(prep, indicates ,movement towards) vs too (adv. Also) vs two (a number following or greater than one)
waste (use without achieving anything) vs. waist (middle of body)
Who’s ( a contraction for who +is) vs. whose ( a possessive form of the pronoun “who”)
Your (possessive form of pronoun “you”) vs you’re (contraction for you +are) vs. Yore (long ago)
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PostPosted: Sun Sep 21, 2014 6:26 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

N: noun (naming word)
Pr.: pronoun (e.g. he, she, it)
Vi: transitive verb: a verb which cannot have an object coming after it. E.g. He sat over there
v.t &i.: The verb can be used transitively or intransitively: the verb can have an object. (e.g. he eats (what?) his lunch. / He eats fast.)

Adj: Adjective (describing word)
Adv: adverb (tells more about a verb)
Prep: preposition (e.g. in, on, at, by)
Conj: Conjunction (joining word)

Often a dictionary will tell you if a noun is a unit which can be counted or if a noun is a mass which cannot be divided into units and is therefore uncountable.

If a noun is countable, the dictionary will provide you with that plural:

e.g. dog: plural: dogs: countable noun
butter: no plural: uncountable noun

Some plurals affect the spellings of words and the dictionary helps us by showing how these plurals are spelt. This is another way in which the dictionary helps us to spell.

Decide which is a noun is countable or uncountable.

Cigarette: Countable
Tobacco: Uncountable
Furniture: Uncountable
Machinery: Uncountable
Advice: Uncountable
Smile: Countable
Evidence: Uncountable

Many verbs must be followed by certain prepositions: We then get an idiomatic or informal expression:
Ex. She cannot cope with the pressure of the exams

1) The Russian troops in Bosnia wanted to put (down) the rebellion
2) I will not put (up) with your nonsense anymore
3) The firm is planning to take (over) their rival
4) Please look (into) the problem and report back to me.
5) The agent is coming to look (at/over) the house today

Lat: Latin
Gr: Greek
O.F: Old French
M.E: Middle English
O.E: Old English
O.G: Old German
Du: Dutch

How do I know which part is predicate?

The verb: the doing word or action word-is always predicate. In fact, without a verb, you cannot have a predicate and so you cannot have a sentence.

Subject:>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Predicate
The fish >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Died
The boy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Carried his fishing rod
The young boy >>>>>>>>>>>>>>Carried his new, fibreglass fishing rod.
The handsome young boy with a passion for the sea >>>carried his new, fibreglass fishing rod carefully
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